NOUNS
Nouns are words used for naming things, animals, places etc. There are many types of nouns, but for the sake of this lesson, let’s talk about the most occurring two: Proper nouns and Common nouns.
Proper Nouns
Proper nouns are used to identify specific or particular words.
For example: Jack lives in Atlanta. In this expression, Jack is a Proper noun, referring to a particular person, while Atlanta is a Proper noun referring to a particular place.
Sharon is a girl.
His dog’s name is Bingo.
Mercedes is an expensive car.
Common Nouns
Common nouns are used for naming general words.
Boys are stronger than girls.
Teachers are better than Nurses.
I love dogs.
My city is the most beautiful.
Boys, girls, teachers, nurses and dogs are all common nouns.
| PLURAL OF NOUNS . | |
|---|---|
| Nouns are pluralized in many ways like: | |
| 1. Most nouns are pluralized by adding an‘s’ to the singular noun. | |
| Dog | Dogs |
| Book | Books |
| Cap | Caps |
| School | Schools |
| Scarf | Scarfs |
| Park | Parks |
| The ‘s’ is pronounced as /s/ after a ‘p, k or f’, but it is pronounced as /z/ when‘s’ is placed after words ending with ‘ce, ge, se and ze’. | |
| E.g. | |
| Place | places |
| Age | ages |
| Horse | horses |
| Prize | prizes |
| 2. Nouns ending in ‘o’, ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘ss’ and ‘x’ form their plural by adding ‘es’. | |
| Potato | Potatoes |
| Torch | Torches |
| Brush | Brushes |
| Cross | Crosses |
| Box | Boxes |
| However, foreign-loan words ending in ‘o’ only add an‘s’. | |
| E.g. Kilo - Kilos, Photo - Photos, Piano - Pianos | |
| 3.Nouns ending in –y following a consonant change it to –ies | |
| Lorry | Lorries |
| Lady | Ladies |
| Baby | Babies |
| Sky | Skies |
| However, nouns ending in –y following a vowel form their plural by adding an ’s’. | |
| 4. Nouns ending in –f and –fe change it to –ves. | |
| Half | Halves |
| Calf | Calves |
| Knife | Knives |
| Wife | Wives |
| Loaf | Loaves |
| Self | Selves |
| 5. Some other nouns form their plural by changing their vowels. | |
| Tooth | Teeth |
| Foot | Feet |
| Goose | Geese |
| Man | Men |
| Woman | Women |
| Mouse | Mice |
| Louse | Lice |
| Note: Ox | oxen |
| Child | children |
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are words used to describe things, ideas or persons. In English, adjectives usually come before the nouns.
E.g. Good, bad, ugly, beautiful, intelligent, serious, great, kind, etc.
I have a beautiful friend.
She is intelligent.
He is a good man.
A bad idea.
They are lazy.
He is not a serious student.
I have a great guy.
Deborah is a kind girl.
That man is ugly.
-
Add a note